Dec 15, 2006 they could easily associate clean water with anopheline breeding and the role of larvivorous fish in malaria control. When the water dries up, the conventional fishes are decimated while the mosquitoes enter a dormant state until the next rains. Native larvivorous fish in an endemic malarious area of. Among all the biocontrol agents, larvivorous fish are widely used in vector control. In recent years, a few larvivorous fish fauna surveys were undertaken from various parts of the india to scaleup the biological control of mosquitoes. Answer actually there is a lot of scientific literature on the use of fish as a biological control of mosquitoes, usually through consumption of the mosquito larvae or pupae while they are in freshwater. Integrated vector management is a dynamic and stillevolving field. Native larvivorous fish diversity as a biological control. In 2008, in some parts of california and in clark county, nevada, mosquitofish were bred in aquariums so people could stock stagnant pools of water with the. Fish that feed on mosquito larvae for preventing malaria.
Pdf larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission. Mosquito control by larvivorous fish india environment portal. Cd008090 december 2017 with 205 reads how we measure reads. The use of larvivorous fish as part of an integrated programme to control malaria has been advocated, subject to further vector biology studies to ensure that the actual vector is targeted ghosh 2007. Key words biocontrol agents larvivorous fish mosquito control. Larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission ncbi. Larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission walshe, dp. Larvivorous fish in mosquito control esomus danricus puntius sp. In disease control policy documents, the world health organization who includes biological. At the same time, when other measures are ineffective or not cost effective, ivm makes judicious use of chemical control methods. Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western kenya. Sep 21, 2006 yet, the introduction of larvivorous fish is a safe and inexpensive malaria control option kolaczinski et al. Larvivorous fish in wells target the malaria vector.
In the past, the global fund has financed larvivorous fish programmes in some countries. Objectives to assess the impact of intensified malaria control interventions in an ethnic minority community in betul using existing tools methods two rounds of indoor residual spraying with synthetic pyrethroid insecticide were applied and larvivorous fish introduced, followed by intensive surveillance for early detection of plasmodium falciparum with rapid diagnostic tests and. Fish other than gambusia which has received the bulk concentration as a mosquito control agent is poecilia reticulata, the common guppy. Moreover, these malarial areas are generally inaccessible making vector control expensive and sporadic at best. Beginning in 1908, another larvivorous fish, poecilia reticulata guppy, a native of south america, was introduced for malaria control into british india and many other countries.
This paper presents a nonlinear mathematical model of malaria by considering the human reservoir and larvivorous fishe s. It has been shown to be effective and sustainable in many circumstances. In order to reduce the intensity of malaria transmission, malaria vector control may be implemented to protect individuals against infective mosquito bites. Release of larvivorous fishes is one of the cheapest method of vector management approach, with long suppression of mosquito population.
The results of this study were implemented as a part of bioenvironmental control of malaria, and the introduction of larvivorous fish was found to be the most suitable intervention tool. Larvivorous fish one of the most successful and widely used biological control agents against mosquito larvae is the top water minnow or mosquitofish gambusia affinis. Malaria creates serious health and economic problems which call for integrated management strategies to disrupt interactions among mosquitoes, the parasite and humans. In 2002, the local community actively cooperated and participated in releasing larvivorous fish, which subsequently resulted in a noteworthy reduction of malaria cases. Modelling malaria control by introduction of larvivorous fish in the european region. Another example of successful introduction of fish as biological control agent comes from ethiopia fletcher et al. Manual of entomological surveillance of vector borne. They could easily associate clean water with anopheline breeding and the role of larvivorous fish in malaria control. In 2014, ramarao reported 58 species of larvivorous fish from the lower manair dam at karimnagar, andhra pradesh. In mega cities malaria clinics are established by each health sector malaria control agencies viz. Field tests of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h14 against malaria. The use of larvivorous fish in malaria control is not new but a halfforgotten strategy.
Evidence and strategies for malaria prevention and control. Division of mathematics, school of advanced sciences, vit university, chennai campus, chennai600 127, india. Contributions of anopheles larval control to malaria. In disease control policy documents, the world health organization includes biological control of malaria vectors by stocking ponds, rivers, and water collections near where people live with larvivorous fish to reduce plasmodium parasite transmission. Though use of larvivorous fish is an important component of vector control in the urban malaria schemes in india, use of larvivorous fish in control of rural malaria was shown for the first time in india.
In disease control policy documents, the world health organization who. In the western kenyan highlands the larvivorous fish. Sharma 1984 provided a detailed account of the local larvivorous fish from different continents. Ivm also aims to make effective use of biologicallybased agents such as bacterial larvicides and larvivorous fish, which may target and kill vector larvae without generating the ecological impacts of chemical use. Review of the bioenvironmental methods for malaria control with special reference to the use of larvivorous fishes and composite fish culture in central gujarat, india. Pdf use of larvivorous fish in biological and environmental control. Malaria control using indoor residual spraying and. Integrated malaria management, such as a combination of irs, early detection, prompt treatments and larvivorous. Abstract an intervention study was conducted on the introduction of the larvivorous fish oreochromis spilurus spilurus as a method of malaria vector control in kalabeydh village, northern somalia. Objectives to assess the impact of intensified malaria control interventions in an ethnic minority community in betul using existing tools. Use of fish for mosquito control regional office for the eastern.
Pdf mosquito control by larvivorous fish researchgate. Survey of the area to assess mosquito breeding potential, existing. The introduction of the use of ddt in indoor residual spraying for malaria control around the mid 1940s led to the gradual decline in the use of concepts of environmental management. This species is resistant to chlorine in water up to a concentration of 1. Larvivorous fish have been used for over 100 years in mosquito control and many species have proved effective. In disease control policy documents, the world health organization who includes biological control of malaria vectors by stocking ponds, rivers, and water collections near where people live with larvivorous fish to reduce plasmodium parasite transmission.
Dec 15, 2006 in this area, bioenvironmental control of malaria especially larvivorous fish is very effective in controlling an. This is largely due to the emerging threat of strong resistance to pesticides. Objectives to assess the impact of intensified malaria control interventions in an ethnic minority community in betul using existing tools methods two rounds of indoor residual spraying with synthetic pyrethroid insecticide were applied and larvivorous fish introduced, followed by intensive surveillance for early detection of plasmodium falciparum with rapid diagnostic tests and prompt. In sochi, the mosquitofish is commemorated for eradicating malaria by a monument of the fish. Study of larvivorous fish for malaria vector control in. An intervention study was conducted on the introduction of the larvivorous fish oreochromis spilurus spilurus as a method of malaria vector control in kalabeydh village, northern somalia. The global fund finances larvivorous fish programmes in some countries, and, with increasing. A whosponsored interregional conference on malaria control in 1974 reported that the utilization of larvivorous fish, mainly gambusia or suitable local species, is the only practical measure that can be recommended where applicable, as. Stability analysis and optimal control of a malaria model with larvivorous fish as biological control agent s. Larvivorous fish used to control malaria vectors in manmade containers, particularly in urban areas 15 table 4.
Methods two rounds of indoor residual spraying with synthetic pyrethroid insecticide were applied and. Further studies on their predatory property are recommended in order to apply this local potential against malaria vectors in the area. In the western kenyan highlands the larvivorous fish oreochromis niloticus l. In india, as far back in 1904 larvivorous fishes were used in mumbai city for the control of malaria vector an. Malaria, biological control, larvivorous fish, aphanius, iran. Stability analysis and optimal control of a malaria model. Colisa fasciata use of fish in mosquito control has been wellknown for more than 100 years. The introduction of the use of ddt in indoor residual spraying for. Review of past experiences and current use of larvivorous fish in the. Stocks of these fish were collected, mass produced and introduced in mosquito breeding places in all the project sites. Larvivorous fish used to control mosquito larvae in rice fields 14 table 3. A renewed way of malaria control in karnataka, south india. Nowadays, mosquitoborne diseases are major public health problems in many parts of the world dass and mariappan 2014.
Preparatory phase the preparatory phase included the following components. Soon after that usage of larvivorous fish became a common practice for malaria vector control in india. Malaria is under full control in phc kamasamudram after the release of fish. In india, fish are used in the public health program since 1903. The different equilibria of the model are computed and stability of these equilibria is investigated indetail. The development of larvivorous fish network in ahmedabad was carried out in a phased manner as part of a project on demonstration of integrated control of malaria and dengue vectors in the city. In 2015, rao et al 14 reported 22 species of larvivorous fish eight orders from lake kolleru, andhra pradesh. Larvivorous fish in mosquito control bioenvironmental strategy for malaria control 163 occurring in nature almost all over the country. Mass production of gambusia affinis and poecilia reticulata. Municipal corporations, railways, defence services vector control comprises of the following components source reduction use of larvicides use of larvivorous fish space spray minor engineering legislative measure aerosol space spray space.
Ecofriendly larvivorous fish such as the top water minnow or mosquito fish gambusia affinis or the common guppy poecilia reticulate can be effectively used to control the mosquito population. However, use of fish of indigenous origin is found to be more appropriate in this operation. These fish can be introduced into all collections of potable water like wells, tanks, ponds and lakes, particularly in rural and periurban areas and. We do not know whether introducing larvivorous fish reduces malaria. Biological control methods are once again being given much research focus for malaria vector control. Yet, the introduction of larvivorous fish is a safe and inexpensive malaria control option kolaczinski et al. In this area, bioenvironmental control of malaria especially larvivorous fish is very effective in controlling an. Tumkur was one of the five districts in india selected for situational analysis under rbm. A strategic action plan targeting relevant sibling species of the vectors as well as application of global positioning system technology to facilitate rapid rechecking of sites for. New strategies for malaria prevention and control are emphasizing integrated vector management ivm. Larvivorous fish in mosquito control icmrnational institute of. As a sustainable larval control method, the use of larvivorous fish is. To determine the ability of larvivorous fish to prevent malaria by evaluating the impact on. This approach reinforces linkages between health and environment, optimizing benefits to both.
Study of larvivorous fish for malaria vector control in somalia, 2002 a. Also, t he basic reproduction number r0 of the model is computed and we observe that the model exhibits backward bifurcation for some set of. Approximately 315 fish species under seven genera are reported to have larvivorous nature ghosh and dash, 2007. Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting several diseases, including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, and yellow fever, etc. If research evidence for an effect on confirmed malaria cases and density of adult vectors is equivocal or. Mohamed 1 1ministry of health and labour, hargeisa, somalia. Modelling malaria control by introduction of larvivorous fish. Pdf larvivorous fish for malaria prevention graham. In india, larvivorous fish are used as a major component of the integrated malaria control programme sharma, 1984. Pdf larvivorous fish for malaria prevention graham pyke.
A whosponsored interregional conference on malaria control in 1974 reported that the utilization of larvivorous fish, mainly gambusia or suitable local species, is the only practical measure that can be recommended where applicable, as in lakes, ponds, pools, wells, rice fields. The introduction of the use of ddt in indoor residual spraying for malaria control around the mid1940s led to. Larvivorous fishes poecilia reticulata guppy, a native of south. The expert committee recommended the need for health education in malaria control.
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